August 7, 2025
Introduction:
The intestinal microbiome of the indri lemur, a critically endangered species native to Madagascar, has been analysed for the first time. This study reveals unique bacterial species and social transmission patterns. It offers new perspectives on conservation efforts.
Indri Lemur
- Indri indri, also called babakoto locally, is an arboreal lemur found only in north-east Madagascar’s tropical forests.
- It feeds on leaves, fruits, seeds, flowers, bark and occasionally soil.
- The species lives in small, stable family groups of two to five members. These groups are monogamous and matriarchal.
- Interaction between groups is minimal due to defined territorial boundaries.
- The indri cannot survive in captivity. It is critically endangered, primarily due to habitat loss caused by climate change and human activities.
Methodology
Researchers analysed faecal and soil samples from six indri families. Using genome assembly techniques, they identified bacterial species in the indri’s intestinal microbiome. The findings were published in The ISME Journal.
Key Findings on Microbiome Composition
The research uncovered 48 bacterial species in the indri microbiome. Of these, 47 were previously unknown and unique to indris. Only Escherichia coli was a known species, mostly found in populations near human settlements. This suggests the indri host exclusive microbial communities. The extinction of indris would also mean the loss of these unique bacteria.
Social Transmission of Microbiome
The study found that microbiome bacteria are transmitted within social groups. Each family group shares unique bacterial strains not found in other groups. This transmission occurs despite indris ingesting soil, which does not contribute to their gut microbiome. Genetic differences in bacterial strains align with geographic separation between groups. This indicates isolated populations develop distinct microbial profiles.
Implications for Conservation
Understanding the indri’s microbiome adds a new dimension to conservation strategies. Protecting their habitat also preserves their unique microbial heritage. Microbiome analysis could serve as a tool to monitor population health and social structures. This knowledge may assist in preventing extinction and maintaining biodiversity in fragmented habitats.