January 31, 2025
Introduction:
The Ghaggar River, primarily flowing through India and Pakistan, has come under scrutiny due to severe pollution issues. A recent report by a joint committee established by the National Green Tribunal brought into light alarming levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the river, rendering it unfit for bathing. The findings have raised concerns about the environmental health of the river and its tributaries, particularly the Sukhna Choe.
Pollution Levels and Sources
- The joint committee conducted a survey and collected samples from various locations along the Sukhna Choe and Ghaggar River.
- The analysis revealed that the BOD levels were two to three times above the prescribed limits.
- Major sources of pollution were identified as untreated sewage from nearby slums and urban areas.
- Key locations for sample collection included Raipur Khurd and Baltana bridge, which showed high levels of total suspended solids (TSS) and BOD.
Impact on Local Communities
The pollution in the Ghaggar River and Sukhna Choe directly affects local communities. The river’s unfit water quality poses health risks for residents who rely on it for bathing and other daily activities. The presence of slums near the river exacerbates the situation, as waste disposal practices contribute to further contamination. The local authorities have been urged to take immediate action to address these issues.
Recommendations for Improvement
The committee made several recommendations to mitigate pollution. Key suggestions included regular cleaning of drains by the Municipal Corporation of Chandigarh and the installation of iron nets at culvert points to prevent waste disposal. These actions aim to improve water quality and restore the river’s ecological balance.
Historical Context of the Ghaggar River
- Historically, the Ghaggar River is as it is believed to be associated with the ancient Vedic Saraswati River.
- Archaeological excavations along its banks have uncovered settlements from the Indus Valley Civilization, indicating its importance in ancient times.
- The river’s course has changed over millennia, with historians suggesting that it once received waters from the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers.
Characteristics of the Ghaggar River
- The Ghaggar River is classified as an intermittent river, meaning it only flows during the monsoon season.
- It originates in the Shivalik Hills and traverses through Haryana and Rajasthan before disappearing into the Thar Desert.
- Its tributaries include the Kaushalya, Markanda, Sarsuti, Tangri, and Chautang rivers.
- The river is often referred to as a “dead river” due to its reliance on seasonal rainfall for flow.